What are the key differences between Spanish and Portuguese colonial rule in South America? Please select the most accurate answer from the following list: A) Spanish colonies were characterized by a strict class-based hierarchy, while Portuguese colonies had a more relaxed caste system. B) Spanish colonies were subject to a monarchy, while Portuguese colonies were ruled by a military dictatorship. C) Spanish colonies relied heavily on slave labor, while Portuguese colonies did not. D) Spanish colonies included gold and silver mining, while Portuguese colonies focused on fishing and agriculture.

D) Spanish colonies included gold and silver mining, while Portuguese colonies focused on fishing and agriculture.

Explanation

The answer given above is important because it illustrates the differences between the colonial practices of Spain and Portugal in South America. Spanish colonies were characterized by mining for gold and silver, which created wealth for the Spanish Crown and the development of colonial cities, but also had a negative effect on the indigenous population. On the other hand, Portuguese colonies relied heavily on fishing and agriculture, which brought food security and wealth to the Portuguese Crown, and provided employment opportunities for the indigenous population.

The implications of the answer above are that the different colonial practices of Spain and Portugal had important economic, social, and political effects on the regions they colonized. Spanish colonies tended to be more exploitative of the native population and resources, while Portuguese colonies were more focused on providing opportunities and stability for the native population. This difference in colonial practices had long-term effects on the regions that were colonized, and can still be seen today.